Over the course of the 20th century, American higher education became in many ways the repository of not just America’s dreams, but of much of the world’s. Young people and families from every corner of the globe have come to believe that one of the best paths to a future of prosperity and peace runs through colleges like Pomona: a liberal arts education can fulfill dreams that haven’t even yet been dreamt. I believe that to be true.

Indeed, in a model invented in the U.S., an education like that Pomona offers gives access to the full richness of the human inheritance—the accumulated knowledge of centuries—and also nurtures the yet-to-be-born discoveries that will shape our future. Liberal arts education carries this standard proudly, and does so by centering individual students in an intimate, nurturing and challenging environment where both our breadth and depth provide a foundation that helps students reach for the stars.

It’s now our moment to help show that the path of opportunity is wide open, and I ask you to join with me on this quest.”

I believe in this claim deeply. But I also know that the institutions that make this kind of education possible—and the dreams that we inspire—are fragile. Trust in higher education is at a low ebb, with a national survey conducted by Pew Research Center in early 2024 suggesting that 45% of Americans believe colleges and universities have a negative impact on the country today, while 53% cite a positive impact.

Political turmoil is part of it. But it is more than that: The cost of college education has become prohibitive for many students and families, particularly those who are neither eligible for large amounts of financial aid nor wealthy enough to pay a sum for four years at a private college that in some parts of the country is enough to buy a house.

Pomona has done good work as an engine of opportunity. We are what The New York Times has called one of the top colleges doing the most for the American Dream because of our need-blind admission, our no-loan aid and our exceptional graduation rates. Due to improvements in financial aid, we are one of a handful of colleges nationwide where the net cost of attendance for families receiving aid has stayed near constant over the last 15 years. All kinds of dreamers who come to Pomona have the chance to flourish, and to bear their added gifts in trust for all.

But for some, their dream still seems out of reach. In our strategic planning process, we came to realize exactly that. For example, in 2022, while about 28% of Pomona’s first-year students from the U.S. came from households with incomes of less than $75,000 a year, the majority—55%—came from households with incomes of $150,000 or more. That means that 83% of our first-year students represented opposite ends of the income spectrum. Only 17% were from families with incomes in the $75,000 to $150,000 range—what many call “middle class,” though we prefer to dispense with the idea of class and address levels of income.

While we proudly reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of this country, we do not fully reflect the economic spectrum. Thus, our Middle Income Initiative was born.

This is an urgent call, because we are not alone in having something of a ‘barbell’ distribution of our students.”

We seek in the coming years to increase the number of students from middle-income families who attend Pomona. This starts with who applies. In recent years the portion of applicants from middle-income households has been nowhere near representative, partly because the cost can seem out of reach and also because few outside programs and scholarships focus on middle-income students. Our admissions staff will be working to expand our reach, helping students know more about Pomona.

The financial considerations are significant. Even with the generous financial aid that Pomona offers—among the best in the country—many middle-income families still believe they cannot afford to come and students don’t even apply. We aim to change that, by raising enough funds to increase what we can offer to middle-income families upfront and by providing a price guarantee that simplifies the college search process and helps students see that Pomona can work for them.

The fundraising for this has begun and will require a significant philanthropic investment from Sagehens to realize. The recruitment for this also has begun, as we have opened our doors to more transfers from community colleges, to maximize our reach and offer a Pomona education to as many brilliant students as we can.

This is an urgent call, because we are not alone in having something of a “barbell” distribution of our students. In 2017, the research and policy group now known as Opportunity Insights found that at 38 U.S. colleges and universities the number of students from households with incomes in the top 1% exceeded the number from the bottom 60%. That group did not include Pomona, but it did include five Ivy League universities and numerous liberal arts colleges. Flagship public institutions have become more expensive too, as a proportion of family income, for lower-income and middle-income students than for students from the richest families.

Collectively, it looks as if we all represent a dream deferred. But Pomona will continue to show the way forward. We have proven that diversity and excellence go hand in hand. It’s now our moment to help show that the path of opportunity is wide open, and I ask you to join with me on this quest. For Pomona to be great, we must, truly, bear our riches in trust for all.

G. Gabrielle Starr took office as president of Pomona College in 2017. A national voice on access to college for students of all backgrounds and on the future of higher education, she is working to ensure students from the full range of family incomes enroll in college and thrive.

At the tender age of 17, many students are faced with decisions not only about where to apply to college, but also about what to study. At University of California and Cal State University system campuses in particular, the major that students apply for—and the competition within that applicant pool—can be the difference between acceptance and rejection.

At liberal arts colleges in general and Pomona College in particular, the educational approach provides opportunities for exploration, refinement of interests and the melding of different academic fields. Small classes and close relationships with faculty allow for collaborative learning with other students and attentive intellectual and career guidance from professors.

Here are the stories of six students and alumni and their searches for the intersection of their interests and talents.

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Zoë Batterman ’24

When Batterman came to Pomona College from New Orleans, her interests lay in environmental analysis and philosophy. But taking linear algebra her first year with Shahriar Shahriari, William Polk Russell Professor of Mathematics and Statistics, shifted her trajectory.

“That class revolutionized what I thought about math,” Batterman says. “I really loved how creative it could be. It felt like a very powerful edifice where one can see how other people think.”

The camaraderie of the mathematics community also drew her in. Even online during the COVID-19 pandemic, Batterman met a group of people who were “very close friends,” and that community helped propel her into the mathematics major.

“Whereas I previously thought of mathematics as a foreign and inaccessible discipline, the collaboration and support shown in Pomona’s Mathematics Department demonstrated otherwise,” Batterman says.

Soon after deciding on the major, she began seeking research opportunities. Her sophomore year, Batterman worked on C*-algebras with Konrad Aguilar, assistant professor of mathematics and statistics.

Batterman then learned about the work of Professor of Mathematics and Statistics Edray Goins, which is motivated by the longstanding Inverse Galois problem. She was selected to participate in Goins’ Pomona Research in Mathematics Experience (PRiME) program, an eight-week residential research opportunity, the summer after her sophomore year.

Her work and accomplishments have led to three prestigious national awards in the past year: the Goldwater Scholarship, the Alice T. Schafer Prize for Excellence in Mathematics by an Undergraduate Woman and the Churchill Scholarship, which funds a year of graduate study at the University of Cambridge.

“I have watched her grow into a powerhouse of a mathematician,” says Goins.

Batterman appreciates the recognition because she notes that students at large research universities tend to draw more attention through math competitions and “have access to a lot more resources like graduate courses.”

Without those courses available to Batterman, Goins worked personally with her on graduate-level material that he had taught while a professor at Purdue University.

After graduating this spring, Batterman will head to Churchill College at Cambridge, where she will conduct full-time pure mathematics research with Professor Dhruv Ranganathan.

In the longer term, Batterman plans to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics, which ideally will allow her to become a university professor.

“I want to do math and join the community and the conversation,” she says.

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Betsy Ding ’24

Ding’s Instagram account, @paintpencilpastries, showcases lush floral arrangements, glossy ceramic pieces and food sumptuously arranged into veritable works of art, all formed by her hands on campus.

Ding considered attending culinary school at several points. In her teens, she already had amassed 30,000 followers on her TikTok cooking channel, published a recipe in Taste of Home magazine and formed paid partnerships with brands.

After arriving at Pomona, Ding decided to major in cognitive science and minor in studio art, while also taking classes in engineering, computer science and philosophy, among other disciplines, at the various Claremont Colleges. She laid to rest the idea of pursuing food professionally (thinking her temperament was better suited to other careers).

But food continued to play a considerable role in her life: as an outlet for stress, as a way to bring friends together and as a vehicle for satisfying her cravings.

Courses such as Food and the Environment in Asia, Anthropology of Food and Foundations of 2D Design contributed to her development as a chef and consumer.

“Food is something that everyone cares about and loves, but it’s often not seen through the lens of history, environmentalism, culture and cultural exchange and economics,” says Ding. “In my classes I’ve learned about industrialization, chefs’ roles in creating cultural cuisines, as well as agriculture and the role of food in the environment.”

In the fall of 2023, Ding applied for a Student Creativity Grant through the Hive—more formally known as the Rick and Susan Sontag Center for Collaborative Creativity—to design and prepare a nine-course tasting menu dinner.

When it was time to eat, eight fellow students and two staff members from the Hive took their seats in the Dialynas Hall living room, adjacent to the kitchen. The table was set with plateware carefully curated to enhance the dining experience and paired with paper menus that Ding designed.

She also included an information sheet with the stories behind each course: why she chose certain ingredients, how the food spoke to her own upbringing, and her relationship to the dish.

For the next two hours, guests were treated to a feast for the eyes and taste buds.

Ding credits the visual presentation of her food to her art classes at Pomona, which taught her “how to consider composition, color and design.”

As she prepares to graduate from Pomona, Ding reflects on how the College has shaped her and others to be “independent thinkers.” Taking classes in so many disciplines has broadened her mind, and food has been just one area in which she has been able to express her creativity and resourcefulness.

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Kirsten Housen ’23

Housen came to Pomona College from the San Francisco Bay Area for the opportunity to play varsity soccer while studying any subject of her choice. Although injuries and the COVID-19 pandemic curtailed her soccer career, her time at Pomona succeeded in launching her vocation in civil and environmental engineering.

Housen was aware of Pomona’s 3-2 combined plan in engineering—which allows students to receive a bachelor of arts degree from Pomona College and a bachelor of science from Caltech or Washington University in St. Louis after a combined five-year program—when she arrived. While unsure if she would pursue that path, she was quickly drawn to the physics department. Faculty members were inviting and made the subject accessible and enjoyable, she says.

Settling on a physics major opened her to pursuing the 3-2 program. Fitting in the pre-engineering requirements in addition to classes toward the physics major and Pomona’s general education requirements—all in three years—required careful planning.

Despite the structure, Housen says she still had ample room to gain a broad liberal arts education.

“I always had a really nice balance of the technical and the philosophical and creative,” she says.

When it came time to transfer, she chose Washington University.

Janice Hudgings, Seeley W. Mudd Professor of Physics, taught three of Housen’s physics courses at Pomona and says that she was confident that Housen would excel at Washington University: “Building on her liberal arts background, Kirsten leaned into the advanced engineering courses,” Hudgings says.

Among many other accolades at Washington University, Housen made the dean’s list, was selected as the Lee Hunter Scholar in the School of Engineering and received the Award of Excellence in Technical Writing for Social Impact for her paper on the water quality impacts of fast fashion in developing countries.

“The process of researching and writing this paper underscored how valuable the liberal arts education is and the wonderful writing and critical thinking foundation that Pomona provides to its students,” says Housen, who is now enrolled in Stanford University’s master’s program in civil and environmental engineering.

She looks back at her time at Pomona with appreciation.

“It was a really great opportunity to have the option to go into an engineering route while still having the liberal arts foundation and getting to take all the different kinds of courses that Pomona offers,” she says.

Housen’s message to Pomona students: “Explore and use the opportunities available to you. Figure out what you really want to do and what makes you motivated. Pomona is a great place to learn. You’re around people with such interesting ideas and opinions.”

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Dylan McCuskey ’23

McCuskey chose Pomona so he could study both physics and English without getting pigeonholed into either. Little did he imagine, however, that those two fields would come together for him as he prepares to publish an English paper in a literary journal by employing a theoretical physics analogy.

His passion for physics and English came together his junior year when he was taking Legal Guardianship and the Novel with Sarah Raff, an associate professor of English, and General Relativity with Professor of Physics Thomas Moore.

As McCuskey read Charles Dickens’ Bleak House, “a really complex, 900-page, twisty turning novel with two narrators,” for his English class, he realized there was a concept in his physics class—which studied space, time, gravity and theoretical astrophysics—that he could superimpose on the narrative structure of the novel “to better understand what was going on between the two narrators.”

One of the narrators is an impersonal, omniscient voice, which he designated as a “space” narrator, “moving across the city of London and observing everything that happens in the current moment,” he says. The other narrator is a first-person character in the story, which McCuskey assigned as the “time” narrator, “driving the passage of time and guaranteeing a future from a single point in space.”

For his final assignment, he wrote a 25-page paper titled “Bound by Time and Place: The Spacetime Guardianship of Bleak House.” Raff was so impressed by it that she encouraged him to submit it to an academic journal to be published.

McCuskey and Raff worked together for several months to revise the paper, and in fall 2022 the essay was accepted by The Dickensian journal for publication in early 2024.

“In the field of English, it is extremely rare for an undergraduate to publish in a professional peer-reviewed journal,” says Raff. “In nearly all cases, it takes many years of graduate study to write for a scholarly journal in a literary field.”

For McCuskey, the experience of writing and publishing the article has been validating. “I’ve been interested in physics and English for a long time, but I haven’t had projects that do both,” he says.

Looking ahead, McCuskey would like to continue to combine his physics major and English minor in his career. He is planning on attending graduate school for physics and eventually doing research and teaching at the college level.

To teach, McCuskey says, “You have to have the science knowledge but also the humanities communications skills.”

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Ruben Murray ’19

When Murray wrote his senior thesis on the small East African country of Djibouti, the international relations major didn’t expect to end up there two years later as a foreign service officer for the U.S. State Department.

Having dreamed as a child of becoming a diplomat, Murray was able to cut his teeth on his first post, performing such tasks as interpreting for a meeting between the Djibouti president and the U.S. secretary of defense, joining a search and rescue mission for stranded migrants in the desert, and serving as the interim chief of his section.

Taking classes on African history with Makhroufi Ousmane Traoré, an associate professor of history and Africana studies, as well as conducting research on African politics and development with Pierre Englebert, H. Russell Smith Professor of International Relations and Professor of Politics, helped Murray find his niche in African security studies and focus his senior thesis on Djibouti.

When it came time for Murray to rank his choices for his first assignment as a foreign service officer, he included Djibouti in a list of about 20 countries. As it turned out, Djibouti had an immediate need for a political officer.

Murray’s qualifications also included his fluency in French, having grown up in France with a French and Spanish mother and an African American father.

The job included a lot of writing, says Murray, and his education at Pomona prepared him well.

He took advantage of the Center for Speaking, Writing, and the Image regularly, visiting weekly for help with class assignments. When writing reports now, he says, “I still go through the same mechanism that I did when I was submitting my papers to the Writing Center.”

One of the most surreal moments of his two years in Djibouti came when U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin arrived for meetings with the country’s president. When it became clear that Murray was the most qualified person to provide translation, he says he was “kind of thrown into the situation.”

“That’s not something that’s written in your contract,” he says.

But it did land him in a historic moment—Secretary Austin’s first official trip to Africa.

Before Murray wrapped up his post in Djibouti, he received the U.S. State Department’s Superior Honor Award for his sustained extraordinary performance in Djibouti.

Having found what he was passionate about “as opposed to doing something because I thought it would look good for employers in the future,” Murray’s advice for current students is, “Find what moves you.”

Murray’s views are his own and do not reflect those of the Department of State.

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Daniel Velazquez ’25

The day before the MexiCali Biennial Exhibition was set to open at The Cheech Marin Center for Chicano Art & Culture, Velazquez and Samuel White ’23 labored side-by-side with Rosalia Romero, assistant professor of art history, to put the finishing touches on the show.

For all of them, the opening would be a culmination of months of curatorial work and research.

Romero was an organizer for a pair of exhibitions at The Cheech in Riverside, California. The first was Land of Milk and Honey (the most recent iteration of the MexiCali Biennial) which focused on concepts of agriculture in California and Mexico. An adjacent gallery showed a corollary presentation, MexiCali Biennial: Art, Action, Exchanges, which chronicles the history of the MexiCali Biennial from 2006 to the present.

Velazquez’s primary task was to conduct research with the Hispanic Reading Room of the Library of Congress to create a story map—an interactive digital storytelling tool—on Land of Milk and Honey. The story map uses photographs, illustrations and interviews to tell the deeper history of four pieces in the exhibition.

This research equipped Velazquez well to serve as a docent at the museum for the exhibitions. They also wrote wall texts and helped curate and install the shows.

Velazquez came to Pomona from Chicago as a Posse Scholar and plans to double major in Chicana/o-Latina/o studies and sociology.

In their first-year writing seminar about Southern California murals taught by Romero, Velazquez says that “seeing how Professor Romero was able to bring the political side of art and connect it to social problems and movements made me really interested in art.” After enrolling in Romero’s Introduction to Latin American and Latinx Art course next, Velazquez asked to do research with her.

Velazquez says of the research experience: “It was very rewarding and also very refreshing to be not just in the museum but a museum for people like me and working on an exhibit that’s about experiences that make me think about my family’s experiences.”

Velazquez hopes to work in museums as a career and is especially interested in archival and curatorial work. The idea of presenting research via an exhibition (versus through, say, a paper) appeals to Velazquez.

“While I love that I would be researching and studying and probably teaching, you can do both; Professor Romero is a professor and is also doing museum work,” Velazquez says.

3 National Titles in 4 Seasons

For the seniors on Pomona-Pitzer’s men’s cross country team, the path to the 2023 NCAA Division III national championship began four years ago—in Oregon, Denver, Northern California and Pennsylvania.

As first-year Sagehens in fall 2020, when most colleges and universities across the country transitioned to distance learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, these student-athletes spent their would-be first season scattered, looking for places to race independently.

Most of the runners in the Class of 2024 lived together in Oregon that fall—away from home for the first time—where they learned how to balance schoolwork and training with no coaching staff around to keep them honest.

Weekly Zoom sessions that first semester of college kept the dispersed classmates connected virtually, but it wasn’t until many of them moved into a house in North Carolina the following spring that they truly began to bond.

“That’s when I realized we had a really strong team culture,” says Derek Fearon ’24. “I realized then we had something special.”

After competing sporadically in independent races during their nomadic first year of college, the teammates arrived on campus in fall 2021 as sophomores.

With the one-year NCAA competition hiatus behind them, Fearon, Colin Kirkpatrick ’24 and Lucas Florsheim ’24 had outstanding debut seasons in 2021, and the Sagehens—who’d won the 2019 NCAA Division III championship with a different core—repeated as national titlists.

“A perfect year,” Fearon calls his sophomore season. “Our annus mirabilis.”

“We started thinking, ‘This is easy. That wasn’t so hard,’” Kirkpatrick says. “It wasn’t until the next year we learned humility. We realized, ‘This isn’t as easy as we thought.’”

With several key returning juniors, Pomona-Pitzer was heavily favored to win a third straight Division III championship in 2022. So much so, Fearon recalls, that many on the team started believing the title was theirs to lose instead of theirs to win.

The Sagehens breezed to conference and regional championships with Fearon, Kirkpatrick and Florsheim leading the charge and entered the title race as the consensus top team in the country. But they finished fifth at nationals, off the podium.

“It was really hard to handle the pressure of being the best team,” Fearon says.

A year later­—this time as underdogs with a No. 8 ranking—the Sagehens won the 2023 national title by a single point, the narrowest margin of victory in Division III history. And in a season of surprises, Fearon says, Jack Stein ’26—the team’s fifth and final scoring runner at nationals—captured the points needed to secure the win as Pomona-Pitzer became one of five Division III men’s cross country programs with at least three national championships.

Revered in campus lore, Masago Armstrong helped thousands of students stay on track during her 30 years as registrar of Pomona College. After leaving a $1 million gift for scholarships at her passing, Armstrong will continue to shape students’ lives for years to come.

The daughter of Japanese immigrants, Armstrong found her world upended in 1942 during World War II when her entire family was sent to a U.S. government incarceration camp, where her mother died. In time, Armstrong rebuilt her life and went on to influence the academic lives of generations of students during her tenure as Pomona College registrar from 1955 to 1985.

Coming from an administrator whose work unfolded behind the scenes, the bequest is a testament to Pomona’s close-knit community—and to the extraordinary nature of Armstrong, who passed away at the age of 102 in 2022.

“Masago Armstrong was known for her skill and diligence as registrar and for her kindness and care for Pomona students,” said Pomona College President G. Gabrielle Starr. “This endowed scholarship will honor her mother’s memory and support generations of students with financial help to attend Pomona.”

The gift through Armstrong’s estate builds on the smaller Towa Yamaguchi Shibuya Scholarship Fund that Armstrong launched in honor of her mother decades earlier.

Masago Shibuya Armstrong was born in Menlo Park, California, one of six siblings who worked on the family’s flower farm. Her parents, determined that all their children would attend college, saw most of them off to Stanford, where Masago graduated with a master’s degree in 1941.

Her father, Ryohitsu, and mother, Towa, were born in Japan and came to the United States in 1904. Masago’s father is said to have arrived with just $60 in cash and a basket of clothes. Together with his wife and children, the family built a thriving flower business renowned for its prized chrysanthemums.

The Shibuyas’ hard-won prosperity was interrupted by catastrophe in April 1942. Due to the executive order issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the entire family was sent to temporary quarters at Santa Anita Park racetrack in Arcadia, California, and then moved to a detention camp for Japanese Americans at Heart Mountain in Wyoming. Tragically, her mother died there at the age of 51, and the family would not return to their Menlo Park home until April 1945.

After the war, Armstrong worked at Stanford University, where she met and married her husband, Hubert Armstrong. Together they moved to Claremont, where she was hired by the College in 1955. During her long career, Armstrong helped guide 8,752 students through to graduation.

Before Armstrong’s death and in celebration of her 100th birthday, Julie Siebel ’84 joined a group of alumni to share memories of Armstrong’s influence on their lives at Pomona and afterward. Siebel recalled how Armstrong knew her mother—Cynthia “Sue” Cudney Siebel ’59—who had attended Pomona—and also remembered Julie as a child growing up in Claremont.

“Masago’s warm welcome to me as a first-year in Sumner Hall really surprised my sponsor group because they had been told to fear her at registration,” recalled Siebel. “And later, when I applied to graduate school, the hand-calculated GPA on my transcript was a point of interest to the historians on my admission committee. I gave them the first hand-calculated GPA they had seen since computerized transcripts had become the norm, and they asked me about it. I assured them that Masago was more accurate than a computer.”

Beloved and respected by the Pomona community, Armstrong was known as a woman of gracefully opposing forces. She was kind and stern, patient and efficient, self-effacing and accomplished, mild and meticulous. Her memory for names and faces, majors and GPAs remains the stuff of legend. She was both a masterful student mentor and an exacting, indomitable college administrator.

When she retired, Armstrong reflected on her career in an interview for Pomona College Magazine. “I like the detail. I think that is one of my strengths, and it’s absolutely necessary for the job. … And I haven’t denied myself the pleasure of meeting the students,” she said.

In the same magazine piece, then Associate Dean of the College R. Stanton Hales ’64 agreed. “She is the ideal registrar. She is efficient, patient and has a deep and sincere interest in every individual student,” Hales said.

Even decades after retiring, Armstrong stayed close to Pomona’s campus as a resident of the Mt. San Antonio Gardens retirement community a little more than a mile from Marston Quad.

Lily Shibuya, Armstrong’s sister-in-law, commented on the gift and the College’s plan to celebrate Masago and her enduring impact on Pomona: “To me the best epitaph that describes her is that ‘to know her was to love and respect her’ as she enriched everyone’s life that she touched. Thank you to Pomona College for honoring her in this special way.”